On the occasion of Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) Awareness Week, Dr. Fazlollahi explained about primary immunodeficiency diseases. The immune system is responsible for fighting diseases, and its dysfunction can be either primary (inherited) or secondary to other diseases or medications. Primary immunodeficiency diseases are relatively rare but important, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 1,200 to 2,000 people, although many affected individuals remain undiagnosed.
These diseases include more than 450 different types with varying severity and symptoms, which can appear in childhood or adulthood. The most common symptom is recurrent and severe infections, but non-infectious symptoms such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, or eczema may also indicate the disease. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications.
Treatment options include intravenous immunoglobulin, gamma interferon, antibiotics, and in severe cases, stem cell transplantation and gene therapy.
The Immunology, Asthma, and Allergy Research Center has been involved in diagnosing, treating, and researching these diseases for over 20 years. All specialized and genetic tests are performed at this center, which receives patients from across the country and neighboring nations. Patient data are recorded in a database, and over 100 research articles have been published. Stem cell transplantation committees hold regular meetings to review cases, and suitable patients are referred to specialized centers.
The center also provides genetic counseling before birth and newborn screening for immunodeficiency diseases, with ongoing efforts to expand these screenings nationwide.
Considering the financial burden on patients, an independent Primary Immunodeficiency Patients Institute, supported by the center, helps cover treatment costs and provides educational programs.
Regarding hereditary angioedema, a type of complement deficiency, the center collaborates with the patients’ institute to provide specialized medication and has established a patient registry. Educational webinars for physicians are also held.
Educational activities include national and international seminars, brochures, and books for families, as well as international collaborations in research, diagnosis, and treatment.
At the end, Dr. Fazlollahi expressed his gratitude for the opportunity to participate in the interview.
